{"id":417,"date":"2025-07-01T19:10:17","date_gmt":"2025-07-01T19:10:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/?p=417"},"modified":"2025-07-01T19:10:18","modified_gmt":"2025-07-01T19:10:18","slug":"the-vienna-circle-and-the-expert-of-subtle-revisions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/the-expert-of-subtle-revisions\/the-vienna-circle-and-the-expert-of-subtle-revisions\/","title":{"rendered":"The Vienna Circle and The Expert of Subtle Revisions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Drei-Romane-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of three novels: Rudolf Brunngraber, Karl und das 20 Jahrhudert; Rudolf Bunngraber, Der Weg durch das Labyrinth and Kirsten Menger-Anderson's THE EXPERT OF SUBTLE REVISIONS taken by photographer Elisabeth Preininger, Vienna, Austria.\" class=\"wp-image-419\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Drei-Romane-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Drei-Romane-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Drei-Romane-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Drei-Romane-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Drei-Romane-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Drei-Romane-1320x743.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">&#8220;Three novels&#8221; Photograph by Elisabeth Preininger, Vienna, Austria.\u00a0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The library in Vienna&#8217;s Rathaus&#8211;the city&#8217;s famous Town Hall&#8211;is currently hosting an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wienbibliothek.at\/besuchen-entdecken\/ausstellungen\/wien-wissenschaftliche-weltauffassung\">exhibition<\/a> on the history of the Vienna Circle, which is not only fascinating, but was an inspiration for my novel, <a href=\"https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/the-expert-of-subtle-revisions\/about-the-expert-of-subtle-revisions\/\">THE EXPERT OF SUBTLE REVISIONS<\/a>. The Vienna Circle, known for its scientific world view, met on Thursdays at the University of Vienna until antisemitism and fascist ideologies  brought the discussions to an abrupt end.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I couldn&#8217;t visit the show in person, but photographer <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/26796178@N07\/sets\/72157658569859061\/\">Elisabeth Preininger<\/a> sent photographs, which capture the chilling effect Austrofascism had on intellectual life. As the exhibition copy notes (excerpted here in translation): &#8220;Austrofascism marked a major first break, and the Anschluss almost completely expelled the Vienna Circle.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the photograph below, we can see when members of the Vienna Circle, including my grandfather, Karl Menger, left the country:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Exodus-1-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-421\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Exodus-1-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Exodus-1-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Exodus-1-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">&#8220;Exodus and Diaspora of the Vienna Circle,&#8221; photograph by Elisabeth Preininger, Vienna, Austria.\u00a0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>My grandfather came to the United States not long after Moritz Schick was murdered in 1936. He was in the United States when he formally resigned from the university. His resignation letter to the University of Vienna is included in the exhibition:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Professur-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Karl Menger's resignation letter, sent to the University of Vienna in 1938. Photograph by Elisabeth Preininger, Vienna, Austria.\n\" class=\"wp-image-422\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Professur-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Professur-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Professur-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Karl Menger&#8217;s resignation letter, sent to the University of Vienna in 1938. Photograph by Elisabeth Preininger, Vienna, Austria.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The murder of Moritz Schlick and the subsequent exodus of intellectuals became a focus of <a href=\"https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/the-expert-of-subtle-revisions\/about-the-expert-of-subtle-revisions\/\">my novel<\/a>, which also captures the rise of Austrofascism and the antisemitism prevalent at the university. The exhibition copy notes &#8220;Reactionary and anti-Semitic currents made the university a precarious place for the Vienna Circle from the very beginning.&#8221; I read about this in my grandfather&#8217;s memoir, <em>Reminiscences of the Vienna Circle and the Mathematical Colloquium<\/em>, as well. My grandfather talks about how students paraded through the campus beating Jewish and socialist students, and how the university had to close for long periods of time in response to the violence. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The exhibition includes a quote from my grandfather: &#8220;In 1933\/34, the university was closed for extended periods of time, Both Schlick&#8217;s Circle and my Colloquium, however, met regularly though Schlick, Hahn, and I, being the only members with keys to the deserted buildings, had let the others in. Upon entering one had the feeling of having reached a quiet oasis.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Oase-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-424\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Oase-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Oase-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Oase-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Oase-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Oase-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Oase-1320x743.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Quote from my grandfather Karl Menger, included in the Vienna Circle exhibition. Photograph by Elisabeth Preininger, Vienna, Austria.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>German Nationalists, who were prevalent in the faculty, blocked Jewish and socialist hires. One professor, Johannes Sauter, under the pseudonym &#8216;Prof. Autriacus&#8217; even went so far as to (grotesquely) blame Schlick himself for his own murder. For a Catholic weekly, he claimed that &#8220;with his anti-metaphysical philosophy, [Schlick] had violated Christian-German values and stirred up the student youth.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gewissenserforschung-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Curator copy in German and English &quot;Under the pseudonym 'Prof. Autriacus' philosopher Johannes Sauter blamed Schlick himself for his murder in a Catholic weekly. With his anti-metaphysical philosophy, he had  violated Christian-German values and stirred up the student youth. A parallel to Socrates comes to mind.&quot;\" class=\"wp-image-423\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gewissenserforschung-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gewissenserforschung-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gewissenserforschung-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Johannes Sauter blames Schlick himself for his murder, photo by Elisabeth Preininger, Vienna, Austria.<br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>I wish I could visit the exhibit in person! But I was grateful for a chance to see my grandfather and the Vienna Circle in the photographs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Kreis-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Members of the Vienna Circle, displayed at Wien und die Wissenschaftliche Weltauffassung: Orte des Wiener Kreises exhibition in Vienna. Photograph by lisabeth Preininger, Vienna, Austria.\" class=\"wp-image-425\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Kreis-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Kreis-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Kreis-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Some members of the Vienna Circle, including my grandfather, Karl Menger. Photograph by Elisabeth Preininger, Vienna, Austria.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Karl_Menger-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Biography of Karl Menger. Photograph by Elisabeth Preininger, Vienna, Austria.\" class=\"wp-image-426\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Karl_Menger-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Karl_Menger-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Karl_Menger-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Biography of Karl Menger, photograph by Elisabeth Preininger, Vienna, Austria.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The exhibition runs until September 19, 2025, with guided tours led by the curators (see the <a href=\"ttps:\/\/www.wienbibliothek.at\/besuchen-entdecken\/ausstellungen\/wien-wissenschaftliche-weltauffassung\">website<\/a> for dates and times). [One of the exhibition curators, Friedrich Stadler, is the author of<em>\u00a0The Vienna Circle: Studies in the Origins, Development, and Influence of Logical Empiricism<\/em>, which I used while researching my novel!]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wienbibliothek.at\/besuchen-entdecken\/ausstellungen\/wien-wissenschaftliche-weltauffassung\">Wien und die Wissenschaftliche Weltauffassung: Orte des Wiener Kreises<\/a><\/strong><br>Wienbibliothek im Rathaus, Ausstellungskabinett<br>1010\u00a0Wien, Rathaus, Eingang Felderstra\u00dfe, Stiege 6, Glaslift, 1. Stock<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The library in Vienna&#8217;s Rathaus&#8211;the city&#8217;s famous Town Hall&#8211;is currently hosting an exhibition on the history of the Vienna Circle, which is not only fascinating, but was an inspiration for my novel, THE EXPERT OF SUBTLE REVISIONS. The Vienna Circle, known for its scientific world view, met on Thursdays at the University of Vienna until [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-417","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-the-expert-of-subtle-revisions"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Vienna Circle and The Expert of Subtle Revisions -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kirstenmengeranderson.com\/blog\/the-expert-of-subtle-revisions\/the-vienna-circle-and-the-expert-of-subtle-revisions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Vienna Circle and The Expert of Subtle Revisions -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The library in Vienna&#8217;s Rathaus&#8211;the city&#8217;s famous Town Hall&#8211;is currently hosting an exhibition on the history of the Vienna Circle, which is not only fascinating, but was an inspiration for my novel, THE EXPERT OF SUBTLE REVISIONS. 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